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«For pioneering work in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging»

«For insight into workings of the brain and identifying opiate receptors»

«For establishment of a virus-cancer link in Burkitt's lymphoma»

«For determining three-dimensional structure of molecules with X-ray diffraction»

«For formulation of a general field-theory which synthesizes the physical laws of nature and provides us with an understanding of the fundamental forces of the universe»

«For defining a concept of computer architecture»

«For ways to understand the activity and function of genes through the development of methods to transfer genes into animals»

«For his contributions to elucidating the nature of quasars, black holes, X- and gamma-ray sources, and many other phenomena in high-energy astrophysics and cosmology»

«For his fundamental contributions to our understanding of greenhouse gases and the depletion of the ozone layer»

«For his key discoveries that underlie our understanding of three-dimensional structures and function of RNA and DNA molecules»

«For profound contributions to the understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformations»

«For creating, in the spirit of the Wright Brothers, a series of innovations in the fields of soaring, meteorology, human and solar powered flight, upper atmospheric research, and unoccupied and miniature aircraft»

«For his pioneering discoveries that both founded and greatly advanced the field of neurogenetics, thereby transforming our understanding of the brain»

«For his seminal discovery of fundamental chemical principles that explain the impact of catalyst shape on its effectiveness in controlling chemical reactions, thus greatly simplifying the manufacture of pharmaceutically important compounds»

«For the conceptualization and pioneering advancement of the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) and Custom Power in electric power systems, and for outstanding technical contributions in High Voltage Direct Current Technology, which have enhanced the quality and security of the electric power system»

«For fundamental contributions to the fields of human-computer interaction and information visualization»

«For visionary leadership and scientific accomplishments in the design of perceptual robotic algorithms and systems that function in the physical world»

«For extraordinary advances in our knowledge of the properties of distant galaxies, dark matter, large scale structure of the Universe, and black holes in galactic nuclei; and for innovative leadership in the development of astronomical facilities»

«For fundamental advances in the understanding of Earth Systems, by demonstrating profound interconnections between surface climate variability, as evidenced in the hydrosphere and cryosphere, and the internal properties and dynamics of the solid Earth»

«For innovative and creative contributions to genomic science, including the development of DNA sequencing technologies, as well as for his subsequent efforts to promote personal genomics and synthetic biology»

«For his seminal discoveries and scientific leadership, which have made semiconductor nanocrystals, their synthesis, characterization, and theory a cornerstone of modern chemistry»

«For the conception and development of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser and its multiple applications to optoelectronics»

«For his leading role in the conception and development of techniques for automatically verifying the correctness of a broad array of computer systems, including those found in transportation, communications, and medicine.»

«For his pioneering research in additive manufacturing (3D printing), which led to many technological innovations and several global companies. His work has inspired further research, enabled the creation of many patents, and built the foundation for others’ businesses»

«For his vision and perseverance in developing techniques for measuring the brightness of stars to unprecedented accuracy, and for providing the scientific leadership for NASA’s Kepler space mission, which discovered thousands of planetary systems and demonstrated that Earth-sized exoplanets are as common as stars»

«For iconic contributions to the understanding of global climate change from the analysis of greenhouse gas concentrations in ice cores from Antarctica, including discovering the glacial-interglacial cyclic relation between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature that governs past and future climate»

«For the foundational discovery of the role of CRISPR-Cas as a microbial system of adaptive immunity that has been developed as a powerful tool for precise editing of diverse genomes»

«For management and public service»

«For management and public policy»

«For inventing groundbreaking scientific instrumentation»

«For entrepreneurial spirit and quality management of Motorola, Inc»

«For the Children's Television Workshop»

«For pioneering biotechnology business»

«For his courage and insight, and leadership of a commercial venture founded on the premise of making astronomy accessible and affordable to the public»

«For his role in battling "River Blindness," a disease spread in Third World nations by the bite of a common blackfly that lives near fast-flowing streams and carries a microscopic worm (Onchocerca colvulus)»

«For his role as the "father" of bio-technology, and his contributions and leadership in development of a revolutionary new field that affects drug design and medical treatment»

«For his pioneering role and continuing contributions to the semiconductor industry and for his generous commitment to community service»

«For his development and commercialization of magnetic resonance imaging used in clinical applications, which has transformed the diagnosis and treatment of disease»

«For the creation, through a combination of scientific creativity and entrepreneurial insight and drive, of new biochemical processes, drug delivery technologies – most significantly, the birth control pill, transdermal patches, and once-a-day pills – and biomedical industries»

«For his visionary leadership in the worlds of business and media, as well as his philanthropic commitment to the health of our planet and the well being of its people»

«For his leadership of Lockheed Martin and his extensive public service focused on U.S. science and technical leadership, and the implications this leadership has for U.S. economic competitiveness driven by research, innovation, and improved science and math education»

«For founding FedEx Corporation and establishing a modern network of information technology and transportation systems that satisfy global demand for timely and guaranteed package delivery»

«For more than 50 years of creative and visionary leadership in energy production and delivery, and his recent focus on domestic renewable energy»

«For co-founding Microsoft Corporation and providing the visionary leadership that enabled it to become a global innovator in business and personal computing. Through his philanthropic work with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Mr. Gates has made major contributions toward improving access to healthcare and education for those in need throughout the world»

«For his distinguished career in technology and for his commitment, with The Kavli Foundation, to the global advancement of science and of science education for the betterment of humankind»

«For shaping Cisco Systems, Inc. into one of the world.s most widely respected and successful technology companies, providing business and consumer technologies that allow millions of people to connect to each other through computer networking and the Internet, and for his leadership by example in corporate responsibility and personal philanthropy»

«For revolutionizing the accessibility of personal computing by his founding and leadership of Dell Inc. and for his extraordinary philanthropy, through both his company and the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation, towards benefitting the lives of youth and families in the United States and abroad»

«For his visionary leadership of Medtronic Corporation, his promotion and writings on corporate social responsibility and leadership, as well as his extraordinary philanthropic contributions to education and health care through The George Family Foundation»

«For his innovative leadership in founding the Huntsman Corporation and building it into one of the world's preeminent chemical companies; and for his global leadership in philanthropy, with a special focus on cancer research and treatment in support of some of the highest-impact developments towards curing cancer»

«For his visionary leadership in digital medical technology and for his commitment to improving health care quality and access through the initiatives of the Chan Soon-Shiong Family Foundation»

«For his extraordinary career in the aeronautics, astronautics, and automotive industries, particularly for his transformative leadership of the Ford Motor Company, which revitalized the company’s legacy as an icon of American business and innovation»

«For her transformational leadership of the iconic Xerox Corporation, where her focus on values, customers, employees, and innovation led to one of the biggest cultural and financial turnarounds in the history of the Fortune 500.»