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The owners of the Surakhani and Holy Island works jealously guarded their secrets, but these leaked out, and the first refinery in Baku town was erected in 1863 by an unknown and uneducated Armenian, Djevat Melikov, a former employe at the Witte works. His proposal to erect a petroleum distilling plant met with universal ridicule, and friends and foes described him as a lunatic. Gradually, however, his perseverance carried the day, and he succeeded in forming a small company of three with a share capital of £^0, with which, of course, he could not erect an extensive plant, but only mounted a still fitted with a cooler under the open sky. A jeering crowd collected to see the primitive works, but a few hours afterwards, when they saw the pure and transparent photogen drawn off from the cooler, their doubts and ridicule ceased, and Melikov became the lion of those parts. Another company, with a larger capital, was immediately formed, and the management entrusted to Melikov. No sooner, however, had they learned, or thought they had learned, how to produce photogen than they found reasons why they should get rid of the inventor. Melikov then gave himself up with renewed energy to the extraction of scale from ozokerit. In this he failed, firstly, because there was no ice at Baku, and also because the business required much more capital than the scanty funds at his disposal. That Melikov was looked upon as a lunatic is not surprising. He did not look for gain, and he gave up his last penny without one thought of the future. He longed to see the materialisation of his ideas, and his end — poverty — was about the same as that of most inventors of his class. He induced Mirzoiev to take advantage of the Grosny oil sources and to erect a refinery for supplying the Northern Caucasus with illuminating oil. He erected the refinery, but was once more imposed upon and done out of his dues. This pioneer of Baku's refining industry died in abject poverty, while his partners and employers made fortunes in the production of illuminating oils.

The first Baku refinery was erected by Melikov, an Armenian, in 1863, and within ten years there were twenty-three refineries in and near Baku, their total production being about 8000 tons per annum.

MELIKOV, DJEVAT, an Armenian who, in 1863, erected the first oil rifinery in Baku.

Истинным продолжателем дела, начатого русскими учеными, являлся Джавад Меликов. Он первым в 1863 г. «построил по своему проекту миниатюрный завод в г. Баку, наладив на нем рентабельное производство фотогена» пишет проф. К. Кострнн [51]. Необходимо отметить, что впервые в истории нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности Д. Меликов применил холодильники. Это новшество позволило повысить производительность установки и намного улучшить качество выпускаемой продукции. Хорошо о Д. Меликове писал в 1884 г. видный деятель нефтяной промышленности России В. И. Рагозин : «Джавад Меликов, — писал он, — подобно бр. Дубининым, является истинным пионером «фотогенного» производства на Кавказе и на Апшеронском полуострове». Дело, начатое Д. Меликовым, успешно развивалось. Через шесть лет после пуска его завода в 1869 г. в Баку существовало уже 23 предприятия, созданных по образцу нефтеперегонной установки Д. Меликова. В 1872 г. на Апшероне работало 57 фотогенных заводов, в 1876 г.— 146. Д. Меликов является строителем первых нефтеперегонных заводов не только в Баку, но и в Грозном.